What is Macular Degeneration?
MACULAR DEGENERATION is a common eye condition that primarily affects older adults and leads to the deterioration of the central part of the retina, known as the macula. The macula is responsible for sharp, central vision, which is crucial for tasks like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. As the macula deteriorates, individuals may experience blurred or distorted vision, and in severe cases, central vision loss. There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry macular degeneration is more common and progresses slowly, while wet macular degeneration is less common but more severe, often leading to rapid vision loss.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of macular degeneration is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to its development. Age is the most significant risk factor, with the condition most commonly occurring in people over 60. Other risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and a family history of the disease. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light and a diet low in antioxidants may also increase the risk. Women and people with lighter eye color are slightly more at risk of developing macular degeneration.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Macular degeneration often develops gradually, making it difficult to detect in its early stages. Early symptoms may include difficulty seeing in low light, distorted or blurred vision, and the appearance of dark or empty areas in the center of vision. As the disease progresses, these symptoms worsen, potentially leading to significant central vision loss. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection, especially for individuals at higher risk. An eye care professional can diagnose macular degeneration using several tests, including a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam,